March 30, 2026
17 min read
We classified 1.32 million HTTP requests across 14,828 unique user agents. Human browsers are down to 24.8% of traffic. The category mix has inverted since first publication: HTTP libraries (curl, Go, Python) and crawlers now tie for the lead at roughly a third each, while desktop browsers fell to 21.9% and AI crawlers — though still growing in volume — saw their share roughly halve to 7.3%. Full breakdown by category, browser, OS, and crawler operator, triangulated against Imperva and Cloudflare.
February 24, 2026
16 min read
We mapped the MX records of 1,051,461 domains with an identified mail provider across LLMSE's index. Google Workspace (28.4%) and Microsoft 365 (26.0%) still form a duopoly, but it has loosened to 54.4% as the crawl broadened. IONOS is now the third-largest provider, bundled hosting email has grown to a quarter of all domains, and ProtonMail has overtaken Fastmail as the privacy leader.
February 24, 2026
15 min read
We mapped the DNS provider for 1.66 million domains by their delegated nameservers. Cloudflare leads at 28.3% — still 3.2x the next provider (GoDaddy, 8.9%), but well below the 40% we reported in early 2026. As LLMSE's index more than doubled, DNS de-concentrated across every tier: the top two providers now hold 37% (was 51%), the top ten 58% (was 73%). DNS remains markedly more fragmented than business email, and the long tail is overwhelmingly European and Asia-Pacific hosting and registrar brands.